Which statement is a contraindication for thermotherapy?

• A. Acute injuries.
• B. Chronic pain.
• C. Increased ROM.
• D. Cold intolerance.

Answer: (A)

Heat should not be used in the acute stage of an injury because the body's early response involves inflammation with increased blood flow and swelling. Applying thermotherapy at this time can worsen edema, heighten pain, and accelerate tissue damage, potentially delaying healing. The goal in acute care is to limit inflammation, so heat is avoided until the tissue has moved into the subacute or later phases when the increased circulation can help with healing and flexibility.

Chronic pain and increased range of motion are not contraindications to thermotherapy; heat can help relax muscles, reduce stiffness, and improve tissue extensibility. Cold intolerance is not a strict contraindication—though heat may be uncomfortable for someone with low tolerance to warmth, it’s typically managed by adjusting temperature or duration rather than avoided outright.